The radium isotopes ratio in produced water, scale, and sludge waste in Egypt's oilfields is 0.41–4.45 (av. The ²²⁶Ra(²³⁸U)/²²⁸Ra(²³²Th) ratio, from the other hand, was estimated to be utilised as a ‘radiochemical fingerprint’, or signature in the reported TENORM residues. ![]() The radioactivities of radium isotopes were found to be above the exemption values recognized by WHO, IAEA, IOGP, EC, and ICRP in 95, 82, and 58% of produced water, scale, and sludge waste, respectively. The majority of the reported residues take the form of radio-contaminated (produced water, scale, and sludge) generated in Egypt's oilfields or elsewhere include radium isotope activity concentrations (226,228Ra) that exceed the international exemption limit. Using the activity concentration of the radium-isotopes (²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra) in the waste, we determined the ‘fingerprint’ as a radiochemical signature and some relevant ‘radiological hazard parameters’ in this review. ![]() ![]() Large amounts of TENORM waste (produced water, scale, and sludge) are created in oilfields around the world, presenting radiological risks to employees, the public, and the environment since activity concentrations of radioactive substances were above the exemption levels accredited by several authorities.
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